Hoses & Lines for 2020 Ram 1500
- Aero Ground Effects & Body Kits
- Back Panel
- Box Assembly
- Box Rails
- Brackets, Flanges & Hangers
- Bumper
- Bumper & Components - Front
- Bumper & Components - Rear
- Bushings
- Cargo Lamps
- Cluster & Switches
- Console
- Control Cables
- Control Modules
- Cowl
- Dashboard
- Door & Components
- Doors
- Driver Seat Components
- Ducts
- Electrical Components
- Exterior Trim - Cab
- Exterior Trim - Fender
- Exterior Trim - Front Door
- Exterior Trim - Hood
- Exterior Trim - Pick UP Box
- Exterior Trim - Rear Door
- Fender & Components
- Fenders
- Floor
- Floor - Cab
- Floor - Pick UP Box
- Frame
- Frame & Components
- Front & Side Panels
- Front Console
- Front Door
- Front Seat Components
- Gaskets & Sealing Systems
- Glass - Front Door
- Glass - Rear Door
- Glass - Windshield
- Glass & Hardware - Back
- Glass, Windows & Related Components
- Glove Box
- Grille
- Grille & Components
- Hardware, Fasteners & Fittings
- Hood
- Hood & Components
- Horns
- Information Labels
- Inner Components
- Instrument Panel
- Instrument Panel Components
- Interior Trim - Cab
- Interior Trim - Front Door
- Interior Trim - Rear Door
- Jack & Components
- Labels
- Lock & Hardware
- Master Cylinder - Components On Dash Panel
- Mirrors
- Outside Mirrors
- Overhead Console
- Passenger Seat Components
- Quarter Panel
- Radiator Support
- Rear Body
- Rear Door
- Rear Seat Components
- Rocker Panel
- Roof
- Roof & Components
- Running Board
- Seat Belt
- Seats
- Sensors
- Side Body
- Sound System
- Spare Tire Carrier
- Steering Wheel
- Storage Compartment
- Sunroof
- Switches, Solenoids & Actuators
- Tail Gate
- Tailgate
- Tailgate & Midgate
- Truck Box
- Truck Cab
- Uniside
- Universal
- Wiper & Washer Components
- Wire, Cable & Related Components
- ABS Components
- Adjustable Brake Pedal
- Anti-Lock Brakes
- Brackets, Flanges & Hangers
- Brake Components
- Brake Hydraulics
- Control Modules
- Disc Pads & Brake Shoes
- Drums & Rotors
- Front Brakes
- Gaskets & Sealing Systems
- Hardware, Fasteners & Fittings
- Hoses & Pipes
- Hydraulic System
- Parking Brake
- Rear Brakes
- Sensors
- Stability Control
- Switches, Solenoids & Actuators
- Vacuum Booster
- Valves
- Wire, Cable & Related Components
- ABS Components
- Air Bag Components
- Air Bag System
- Alternator
- Alternator/Generator & Related Components
- Antenna & Radio
- Anti-Theft Components
- Anti-Theft System
- Back Glass
- Battery
- Battery & Related Components
- Brackets, Flanges & Hangers
- Bulbs - Chassis
- Control Modules
- Controls
- Diesel Controls
- Doors
- Electrical Components
- Electrical Connectors
- Electrical Sockets
- Flasher Units, Fuses, & Circuit Breakers
- Fog Lamps
- Front Door
- Front Seat Belts
- Fuse & Relay
- Glass, Windows & Related Components
- Hardware, Fasteners & Fittings
- Headlamp Components
- Heated Seats
- High Mount Lamps
- Horn
- Ignition Lock
- Ignition System
- Information Labels
- Instruments & Gauges
- Keyless Entry Components
- Lane Departure Warning
- License Lamps
- Lighting - Exterior
- Lighting - Interior
- Lumbar Control Seats
- Mirrors
- Mobile Multi-Media
- Navigation System
- Parking Aid
- Power Outlets
- Power Seats
- Powertrain Control
- Rear Door
- Rear Seat Belts
- Relays
- Ride Control Components
- Senders
- Sensors
- Starter
- Starter & Related Components
- Sunroof
- Switches
- Switches, Solenoids & Actuators
- Tail Lamps
- Tire Pressure Monitor Components
- Wipers
- Wire, Cable & Related Components
- Wiring Harness
- Adapter Housing
- Air Inlet
- Brackets, Flanges & Hangers
- Control Modules
- Cylinder Block Components
- Engine
- Engine & Trans Mounting
- Engine Appearance Cover
- Engine Parts
- Filters
- Gaskets & Sealing Systems
- Hardware, Fasteners & Fittings
- Mounts
- Oil Cooler
- Oil Pan
- Oil Pump
- Pumps
- Sensors
- Switches, Solenoids & Actuators
- Turbocharger & Components
- Valve & Timing Covers
- Valve Train Components
- Wire, Cable & Related Components
- A/C Accumulator/Receiver Drier
- A/C Clutch & Compressor
- A/C Condenser & Evaporator
- A/C Flow Restrictors
- Automatic Temperature Controls
- Blower Motor & Fan
- Condenser, Compressor & Lines
- Controls
- Evaporator & Heater Components
- Filters
- Gaskets & Sealing Systems
- Hardware, Fasteners & Fittings
- Heater
- Hoses & Pipes
- HVAC Case
- Information Labels
- Motors, Core, Case & Related Components
- Sensors
- Switches & Sensors
- Switches, Solenoids & Actuators
- Temperature Controls & Related Components
- Wire, Cable & Related Components
- Axle & Differential
- Brackets, Flanges & Hangers
- Bushings
- Covers & Trim
- Drive Shaft
- Front Axle & Carrier
- Front Suspension
- Hardware, Fasteners & Fittings
- Rear Suspension
- Ride Control
- Sensors
- Shocks & Components
- Shocks & Struts
- Stabilizer Bar & Components
- Suspension Components
- Suspension, Springs & Related Components
- Upper Control Arm
- Wheels
- Aero Ground Effects & Body Kits
- Back Panel
- Box Assembly
- Box Rails
- Brackets, Flanges & Hangers
- Bumper
- Bumper & Components - Front
- Bumper & Components - Rear
- Bushings
- Cargo Lamps
- Cluster & Switches
- Console
- Control Cables
- Control Modules
- Cowl
- Dashboard
- Door & Components
- Doors
- Driver Seat Components
- Ducts
- Electrical Components
- Exterior Trim - Cab
- Exterior Trim - Fender
- Exterior Trim - Front Door
- Exterior Trim - Hood
- Exterior Trim - Pick UP Box
- Exterior Trim - Rear Door
- Fender & Components
- Fenders
- Floor
- Floor - Cab
- Floor - Pick UP Box
- Frame
- Frame & Components
- Front & Side Panels
- Front Console
- Front Door
- Front Seat Components
- Gaskets & Sealing Systems
- Glass - Front Door
- Glass - Rear Door
- Glass - Windshield
- Glass & Hardware - Back
- Glass, Windows & Related Components
- Glove Box
- Grille
- Grille & Components
- Hardware, Fasteners & Fittings
- Hood
- Hood & Components
- Horns
- Information Labels
- Inner Components
- Instrument Panel
- Instrument Panel Components
- Interior Trim - Cab
- Interior Trim - Front Door
- Interior Trim - Rear Door
- Jack & Components
- Labels
- Lock & Hardware
- Master Cylinder - Components On Dash Panel
- Mirrors
- Outside Mirrors
- Overhead Console
- Passenger Seat Components
- Quarter Panel
- Radiator Support
- Rear Body
- Rear Door
- Rear Seat Components
- Rocker Panel
- Roof
- Roof & Components
- Running Board
- Seat Belt
- Seats
- Sensors
- Side Body
- Sound System
- Spare Tire Carrier
- Steering Wheel
- Storage Compartment
- Sunroof
- Switches, Solenoids & Actuators
- Tail Gate
- Tailgate
- Tailgate & Midgate
- Truck Box
- Truck Cab
- Uniside
- Universal
- Wiper & Washer Components
- Wire, Cable & Related Components
- ABS Components
- Adjustable Brake Pedal
- Anti-Lock Brakes
- Brackets, Flanges & Hangers
- Brake Components
- Brake Hydraulics
- Control Modules
- Disc Pads & Brake Shoes
- Drums & Rotors
- Front Brakes
- Gaskets & Sealing Systems
- Hardware, Fasteners & Fittings
- Hoses & Pipes
- Hydraulic System
- Parking Brake
- Rear Brakes
- Sensors
- Stability Control
- Switches, Solenoids & Actuators
- Vacuum Booster
- Valves
- Wire, Cable & Related Components
- ABS Components
- Air Bag Components
- Air Bag System
- Alternator
- Alternator/Generator & Related Components
- Antenna & Radio
- Anti-Theft Components
- Anti-Theft System
- Back Glass
- Battery
- Battery & Related Components
- Brackets, Flanges & Hangers
- Bulbs - Chassis
- Control Modules
- Controls
- Diesel Controls
- Doors
- Electrical Components
- Electrical Connectors
- Electrical Sockets
- Flasher Units, Fuses, & Circuit Breakers
- Fog Lamps
- Front Door
- Front Seat Belts
- Fuse & Relay
- Glass, Windows & Related Components
- Hardware, Fasteners & Fittings
- Headlamp Components
- Heated Seats
- High Mount Lamps
- Horn
- Ignition Lock
- Ignition System
- Information Labels
- Instruments & Gauges
- Keyless Entry Components
- Lane Departure Warning
- License Lamps
- Lighting - Exterior
- Lighting - Interior
- Lumbar Control Seats
- Mirrors
- Mobile Multi-Media
- Navigation System
- Parking Aid
- Power Outlets
- Power Seats
- Powertrain Control
- Rear Door
- Rear Seat Belts
- Relays
- Ride Control Components
- Senders
- Sensors
- Starter
- Starter & Related Components
- Sunroof
- Switches
- Switches, Solenoids & Actuators
- Tail Lamps
- Tire Pressure Monitor Components
- Wipers
- Wire, Cable & Related Components
- Wiring Harness
- Adapter Housing
- Air Inlet
- Brackets, Flanges & Hangers
- Control Modules
- Cylinder Block Components
- Engine
- Engine & Trans Mounting
- Engine Appearance Cover
- Engine Parts
- Filters
- Gaskets & Sealing Systems
- Hardware, Fasteners & Fittings
- Mounts
- Oil Cooler
- Oil Pan
- Oil Pump
- Pumps
- Sensors
- Switches, Solenoids & Actuators
- Turbocharger & Components
- Valve & Timing Covers
- Valve Train Components
- Wire, Cable & Related Components
- A/C Accumulator/Receiver Drier
- A/C Clutch & Compressor
- A/C Condenser & Evaporator
- A/C Flow Restrictors
- Automatic Temperature Controls
- Blower Motor & Fan
- Condenser, Compressor & Lines
- Controls
- Evaporator & Heater Components
- Filters
- Gaskets & Sealing Systems
- Hardware, Fasteners & Fittings
- Heater
- Hoses & Pipes
- HVAC Case
- Information Labels
- Motors, Core, Case & Related Components
- Sensors
- Switches & Sensors
- Switches, Solenoids & Actuators
- Temperature Controls & Related Components
- Wire, Cable & Related Components
- Axle & Differential
- Brackets, Flanges & Hangers
- Bushings
- Covers & Trim
- Drive Shaft
- Front Axle & Carrier
- Front Suspension
- Hardware, Fasteners & Fittings
- Rear Suspension
- Ride Control
- Sensors
- Shocks & Components
- Shocks & Struts
- Stabilizer Bar & Components
- Suspension Components
- Suspension, Springs & Related Components
- Upper Control Arm
- Wheels
Browse Categories
Select category
- Aero Ground Effects & Body Kits
- Back Panel
- Box Assembly
- Box Rails
- Brackets, Flanges & Hangers
- Bumper
- Bumper & Components - Front
- Bumper & Components - Rear
- Bushings
- Cargo Lamps
- Cluster & Switches
- Console
- Control Cables
- Control Modules
- Cowl
- Dashboard
- Door & Components
- Doors
- Driver Seat Components
- Ducts
- Electrical Components
- Exterior Trim - Cab
- Exterior Trim - Fender
- Exterior Trim - Front Door
- Exterior Trim - Hood
- Exterior Trim - Pick UP Box
- Exterior Trim - Rear Door
- Fender & Components
- Fenders
- Floor
- Floor - Cab
- Floor - Pick UP Box
- Frame
- Frame & Components
- Front & Side Panels
- Front Console
- Front Door
- Front Seat Components
- Gaskets & Sealing Systems
- Glass - Front Door
- Glass - Rear Door
- Glass - Windshield
- Glass & Hardware - Back
- Glass, Windows & Related Components
- Glove Box
- Grille
- Grille & Components
- Hardware, Fasteners & Fittings
- Hood
- Hood & Components
- Horns
- Information Labels
- Inner Components
- Instrument Panel
- Instrument Panel Components
- Interior Trim - Cab
- Interior Trim - Front Door
- Interior Trim - Rear Door
- Jack & Components
- Labels
- Lock & Hardware
- Master Cylinder - Components On Dash Panel
- Mirrors
- Outside Mirrors
- Overhead Console
- Passenger Seat Components
- Quarter Panel
- Radiator Support
- Rear Body
- Rear Door
- Rear Seat Components
- Rocker Panel
- Roof
- Roof & Components
- Running Board
- Seat Belt
- Seats
- Sensors
- Side Body
- Sound System
- Spare Tire Carrier
- Steering Wheel
- Storage Compartment
- Sunroof
- Switches, Solenoids & Actuators
- Tail Gate
- Tailgate
- Tailgate & Midgate
- Truck Box
- Truck Cab
- Uniside
- Universal
- Wiper & Washer Components
- Wire, Cable & Related Components
- ABS Components
- Adjustable Brake Pedal
- Anti-Lock Brakes
- Brackets, Flanges & Hangers
- Brake Components
- Brake Hydraulics
- Control Modules
- Disc Pads & Brake Shoes
- Drums & Rotors
- Front Brakes
- Gaskets & Sealing Systems
- Hardware, Fasteners & Fittings
- Hoses & Pipes
- Hydraulic System
- Parking Brake
- Rear Brakes
- Sensors
- Stability Control
- Switches, Solenoids & Actuators
- Vacuum Booster
- Valves
- Wire, Cable & Related Components
- ABS Components
- Air Bag Components
- Air Bag System
- Alternator
- Alternator/Generator & Related Components
- Antenna & Radio
- Anti-Theft Components
- Anti-Theft System
- Back Glass
- Battery
- Battery & Related Components
- Brackets, Flanges & Hangers
- Bulbs - Chassis
- Control Modules
- Controls
- Diesel Controls
- Doors
- Electrical Components
- Electrical Connectors
- Electrical Sockets
- Flasher Units, Fuses, & Circuit Breakers
- Fog Lamps
- Front Door
- Front Seat Belts
- Fuse & Relay
- Glass, Windows & Related Components
- Hardware, Fasteners & Fittings
- Headlamp Components
- Heated Seats
- High Mount Lamps
- Horn
- Ignition Lock
- Ignition System
- Information Labels
- Instruments & Gauges
- Keyless Entry Components
- Lane Departure Warning
- License Lamps
- Lighting - Exterior
- Lighting - Interior
- Lumbar Control Seats
- Mirrors
- Mobile Multi-Media
- Navigation System
- Parking Aid
- Power Outlets
- Power Seats
- Powertrain Control
- Rear Door
- Rear Seat Belts
- Relays
- Ride Control Components
- Senders
- Sensors
- Starter
- Starter & Related Components
- Sunroof
- Switches
- Switches, Solenoids & Actuators
- Tail Lamps
- Tire Pressure Monitor Components
- Wipers
- Wire, Cable & Related Components
- Wiring Harness
- Adapter Housing
- Air Inlet
- Brackets, Flanges & Hangers
- Control Modules
- Cylinder Block Components
- Engine
- Engine & Trans Mounting
- Engine Appearance Cover
- Engine Parts
- Filters
- Gaskets & Sealing Systems
- Hardware, Fasteners & Fittings
- Mounts
- Oil Cooler
- Oil Pan
- Oil Pump
- Pumps
- Sensors
- Switches, Solenoids & Actuators
- Turbocharger & Components
- Valve & Timing Covers
- Valve Train Components
- Wire, Cable & Related Components
- A/C Accumulator/Receiver Drier
- A/C Clutch & Compressor
- A/C Condenser & Evaporator
- A/C Flow Restrictors
- Automatic Temperature Controls
- Blower Motor & Fan
- Condenser, Compressor & Lines
- Controls
- Evaporator & Heater Components
- Filters
- Gaskets & Sealing Systems
- Hardware, Fasteners & Fittings
- Heater
- Hoses & Pipes
- HVAC Case
- Information Labels
- Motors, Core, Case & Related Components
- Sensors
- Switches & Sensors
- Switches, Solenoids & Actuators
- Temperature Controls & Related Components
- Wire, Cable & Related Components
- Axle & Differential
- Brackets, Flanges & Hangers
- Bushings
- Covers & Trim
- Drive Shaft
- Front Axle & Carrier
- Front Suspension
- Hardware, Fasteners & Fittings
- Rear Suspension
- Ride Control
- Sensors
- Shocks & Components
- Shocks & Struts
- Stabilizer Bar & Components
- Suspension Components
- Suspension, Springs & Related Components
- Upper Control Arm
- Wheels
- Aero Ground Effects & Body Kits
- Back Panel
- Box Assembly
- Box Rails
- Brackets, Flanges & Hangers
- Bumper
- Bumper & Components - Front
- Bumper & Components - Rear
- Bushings
- Cargo Lamps
- Cluster & Switches
- Console
- Control Cables
- Control Modules
- Cowl
- Dashboard
- Door & Components
- Doors
- Driver Seat Components
- Ducts
- Electrical Components
- Exterior Trim - Cab
- Exterior Trim - Fender
- Exterior Trim - Front Door
- Exterior Trim - Hood
- Exterior Trim - Pick UP Box
- Exterior Trim - Rear Door
- Fender & Components
- Fenders
- Floor
- Floor - Cab
- Floor - Pick UP Box
- Frame
- Frame & Components
- Front & Side Panels
- Front Console
- Front Door
- Front Seat Components
- Gaskets & Sealing Systems
- Glass - Front Door
- Glass - Rear Door
- Glass - Windshield
- Glass & Hardware - Back
- Glass, Windows & Related Components
- Glove Box
- Grille
- Grille & Components
- Hardware, Fasteners & Fittings
- Hood
- Hood & Components
- Horns
- Information Labels
- Inner Components
- Instrument Panel
- Instrument Panel Components
- Interior Trim - Cab
- Interior Trim - Front Door
- Interior Trim - Rear Door
- Jack & Components
- Labels
- Lock & Hardware
- Master Cylinder - Components On Dash Panel
- Mirrors
- Outside Mirrors
- Overhead Console
- Passenger Seat Components
- Quarter Panel
- Radiator Support
- Rear Body
- Rear Door
- Rear Seat Components
- Rocker Panel
- Roof
- Roof & Components
- Running Board
- Seat Belt
- Seats
- Sensors
- Side Body
- Sound System
- Spare Tire Carrier
- Steering Wheel
- Storage Compartment
- Sunroof
- Switches, Solenoids & Actuators
- Tail Gate
- Tailgate
- Tailgate & Midgate
- Truck Box
- Truck Cab
- Uniside
- Universal
- Wiper & Washer Components
- Wire, Cable & Related Components
- ABS Components
- Adjustable Brake Pedal
- Anti-Lock Brakes
- Brackets, Flanges & Hangers
- Brake Components
- Brake Hydraulics
- Control Modules
- Disc Pads & Brake Shoes
- Drums & Rotors
- Front Brakes
- Gaskets & Sealing Systems
- Hardware, Fasteners & Fittings
- Hoses & Pipes
- Hydraulic System
- Parking Brake
- Rear Brakes
- Sensors
- Stability Control
- Switches, Solenoids & Actuators
- Vacuum Booster
- Valves
- Wire, Cable & Related Components
- ABS Components
- Air Bag Components
- Air Bag System
- Alternator
- Alternator/Generator & Related Components
- Antenna & Radio
- Anti-Theft Components
- Anti-Theft System
- Back Glass
- Battery
- Battery & Related Components
- Brackets, Flanges & Hangers
- Bulbs - Chassis
- Control Modules
- Controls
- Diesel Controls
- Doors
- Electrical Components
- Electrical Connectors
- Electrical Sockets
- Flasher Units, Fuses, & Circuit Breakers
- Fog Lamps
- Front Door
- Front Seat Belts
- Fuse & Relay
- Glass, Windows & Related Components
- Hardware, Fasteners & Fittings
- Headlamp Components
- Heated Seats
- High Mount Lamps
- Horn
- Ignition Lock
- Ignition System
- Information Labels
- Instruments & Gauges
- Keyless Entry Components
- Lane Departure Warning
- License Lamps
- Lighting - Exterior
- Lighting - Interior
- Lumbar Control Seats
- Mirrors
- Mobile Multi-Media
- Navigation System
- Parking Aid
- Power Outlets
- Power Seats
- Powertrain Control
- Rear Door
- Rear Seat Belts
- Relays
- Ride Control Components
- Senders
- Sensors
- Starter
- Starter & Related Components
- Sunroof
- Switches
- Switches, Solenoids & Actuators
- Tail Lamps
- Tire Pressure Monitor Components
- Wipers
- Wire, Cable & Related Components
- Wiring Harness
- Adapter Housing
- Air Inlet
- Brackets, Flanges & Hangers
- Control Modules
- Cylinder Block Components
- Engine
- Engine & Trans Mounting
- Engine Appearance Cover
- Engine Parts
- Filters
- Gaskets & Sealing Systems
- Hardware, Fasteners & Fittings
- Mounts
- Oil Cooler
- Oil Pan
- Oil Pump
- Pumps
- Sensors
- Switches, Solenoids & Actuators
- Turbocharger & Components
- Valve & Timing Covers
- Valve Train Components
- Wire, Cable & Related Components
- A/C Accumulator/Receiver Drier
- A/C Clutch & Compressor
- A/C Condenser & Evaporator
- A/C Flow Restrictors
- Automatic Temperature Controls
- Blower Motor & Fan
- Condenser, Compressor & Lines
- Controls
- Evaporator & Heater Components
- Filters
- Gaskets & Sealing Systems
- Hardware, Fasteners & Fittings
- Heater
- Hoses & Pipes
- HVAC Case
- Information Labels
- Motors, Core, Case & Related Components
- Sensors
- Switches & Sensors
- Switches, Solenoids & Actuators
- Temperature Controls & Related Components
- Wire, Cable & Related Components
- Axle & Differential
- Brackets, Flanges & Hangers
- Bushings
- Covers & Trim
- Drive Shaft
- Front Axle & Carrier
- Front Suspension
- Hardware, Fasteners & Fittings
- Rear Suspension
- Ride Control
- Sensors
- Shocks & Components
- Shocks & Struts
- Stabilizer Bar & Components
- Suspension Components
- Suspension, Springs & Related Components
- Upper Control Arm
- Wheels
Hoses & Lines for 2020 Ram 1500
No.
Part # / Description / Price
Price
1
Differential Cover 
Mopar
Mopar Description: 1500. 3.21 ratio. With cooling fins. Without 6.2l, with cooling. 3.0L diesel, rear axle cooling. Without rho, 245mm, with cooling.
1
Differential Cover Mopar
Mopar Positions: Rear
Description: Without 6.2l, without cooling. Exc.Thermal Cooling. Without RHO. 245MM without cooling.
MSRP $89.80 CAD
$59.80 CAD
MSRP $89.80 CAD
$59.80 CAD
2
Outlet Tube Mopar
Mopar Description: 3.0L diesel. Assembly. To Heater Hose,Radiator Hose,Reservoir and Water Pump.
MSRP $143.00 CAD
$94.86 CAD
MSRP $143.00 CAD
$94.86 CAD
3
Front Hose Mopar
Mopar Description: Rear Axle Cooling. Incl.Inlet & Outlet Hoses.
MSRP $390.00 CAD
$256.91 CAD
MSRP $390.00 CAD
$256.91 CAD
4
Front Hose Bracket Mopar
Mopar Notes: PARTS: Part included with valve w/bracket.
Description: 3.0L diesel, rear axle cooling.
5
Valve Bracket Mopar
Mopar Description: 3.6L, rear axle cooling. 3.0L diesel, rear axle cooling. 5.7L, rear axle cooling.
MSRP $286.00 CAD
$188.60 CAD
MSRP $286.00 CAD
$188.60 CAD
6
MSRP $232.00 CAD
$154.35 CAD
7
MSRP $275.00 CAD
$181.17 CAD
8
MSRP $948.00 CAD
$619.50 CAD
11
Hose & Tube Assembly Bracket Mopar
Mopar Description: 3.6L, rear axle cooling. 3.0L diesel, rear axle cooling. 5.7L, rear axle cooling.